Synecdoche in the linguistic concept in cognitive science, Path-independence properties of alpha and beta , identified in the social choice theory, the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension known as generalization error index in machine learning theory they all seem to share some important nature: The exclusive "inside-out" selective tendency in their set based alternatives to declare which one should or must be chosen in the aggregative elements/data as its best choice.This　could be useful to redefine the theory of learning in many various senses including the scientific , the social and the psychological.