ELF TOEIC Learner autonomy In 2013, the Tamagawa University English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) program was expanded to accommodate over a thousand first-year and second-year students in the Colleges of Tourism and Hospitality, International Business, Humanities, and Arts and Sciences. This report first provides a brief overview of the ELF program and then focuses on how students in the College of Humanities (COH) and the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) progressed through the program. We analyze data gathered from an...
