Studies published in the JALT CALL Journal half a decade ago by Murray and Blyth (2011) and Lockley (2011) concluded that Japanese university freshman lack core computer literacy skills. More importantly, both studies also suggested that normalization of CALL activities is still a long way off. Given the shifts in 21st century Japanese education towards more technology-based instruction and an increase in computer skills classes, coupled with the ascent of a so-called “digital generation” into higher education, has computer literacy really improved among university freshmen? To answer that question, and to investigate a perceived gap in computer literacy skills as reported by students who participated in a oneyear study abroad program in Australia, the authors surveyed 110 freshmen tourism majors in a compulsory English program. In addition to accessibility, ownership, and ability to manipulate personal computers and mobile devices for either personal or professional use...
